A cesarean, or C-section, is a surgical procedure in which a baby is delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen. The operation itself takes 45 minutes to an hour and it is possible for your spouse or partner to be by your side. A C-section is major abdominal surgery and should be decided on only after discussion with your caregiver.
Reasons it May be Necessary
Childbirth may require a scheduled or emergency C-section either scheduled for these reasons:
Labor Problems: Labor may not be progressing normally, the cervix might not be opening, or the baby's head might be too large to pass through the birth canal.
Baby's Heartbeat: Changes in the baby's heartbeat may indicate a threatened oxygen supply.
Position of the Baby: The baby is positioned for a breech birth (in which the baby would come out feet-first, rather than head-first) and cannot be successfully turned, or if the baby is unable to fit through your pelvis because of an awkward position.
Multiples: If you are delivering multiple babies, one or more might be in the wrong position.
Problems With the Placenta: Placenta detaches from uterus before the onset of labor (placenta abruption), or the placenta blocks the opening of the cervix (placenta previa).
Health of Baby: The baby is suffering from a condition that makes natural birth a risk.
What to Expect
Prior to a C-section, antiseptic will be placed on your belly. The doctor will make an incision through to the uterus and separate the abdominal tissue. A horizontal incision is most common and is often called a "bikini cut" because it is placed right above your pubic bone. You will feel the doctor gently pulling the baby out before closing up each layer of tissue with stitches or staples. This is actually the longest part of the procedure. You will then be removed to recovery. If all is well, you will be allowed to breastfeed.
Pain Medication Options
If a C-section has already been scheduled, you will have the opportunity to discuss pain medication beforehand with the anesthetist. Regional anesthesia will numb the lower part of your body, but allow you to stay conscious throughout the operation. Spinal block anesthesia is directly injected into the sac that surrounds your spinal cord. In an emergency C-section it is more likely that a spinal block will be used as its effects are much faster. Epidural anesthesia is injected into the lower back outside of the sac.
Recovery
It is advised that you move around as soon as possible after your surgery. You will be given pain medication during your stay in the hospital and advised of pain relief at home. After your C-section you will need four to six weeks to heal. You will be advised not to lift anything heavier than the baby.
Risks
As with all surgeries, there are risks involved. There is a slight risk of increased bleeding or inflammation of the uterus, blood clots and infection at the wound site as well as a possible reaction to anesthesia. For the infant, there is an increased risk of breathing problems if delivered before the due date.
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