Pronation can cause ankle issues for runners.
When running, pronation refers to the natural movement of the foot upon striking and lifting from the ground, which includes a slight inward roll. Problems can arise when there is too much (over-pronation) or too little (under-pronation or supination) movement, causing poor alignment in the foot, ankle and lower leg.
Facts
In normal pronation, the heel of the foot strikes the ground near the outside edge of the foot, then rolls inward as the arch flattens, absorbing shock. Finally, the ball of the foot and toes push off the ground.
Over-pronation
Runners who over-pronate may have flattened arches and ankles that roll inward too much as they run. Over-pronation causes ankle tendonitis and joint pain. Because an over-pronating foot is too flexible, ankles can become weakened and prone to sprains.
Under-pronation
Runners who under-pronate tend to run on the outside part of the foot. The foot is more rigid and absorbs too little shock. An under-pronating foot strike can also result in ankle sprains, particularly on uneven surfaces (such as trails or grass) as the ankle can easily roll outward.
Treatment
Custom or over-the-counter orthotics can help correct pronation problems by supporting the arch and properly aligning the ankle. In severe cases, physical therapy might be prescribed.
Additional Considerations
Running shoes are designed to control the rate of pronation. Runners with chronic ankle problems should be re-fitted at a specialty running store to find the best shoe for their running gait.
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